Is it time to re-evaluate anti-parasitic use in companion animals?
Anti-parasitics are very frequently used in companion animals for both prevention and treatment of parasites. When compared with practices related to parasite control in farmed animals, strategic, ris...
Current insights into feline osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a painful condition which affects the majority of older cats but is often not recognised because of differences in the ways that affected cats exhibit the signs of chronic joint pain...
Anaesthesia in exotics part 1: small mammals
Anaesthesia in exotic species is often viewed as high risk and many nurses may be apprehensive to perform it. However, with careful preparation and monitoring techniques, safe anaesthesia of exotics i...
Diagnosis and management of stress fractures and fatigue injuries in horses
Fractures are relatively common in equine practice and their aetiology can broadly be divided into three categories: fractures as a result of repetitive stress injury, traumatic fractures and patholog...
Gastrointestinal disorders in donkeys
Donkeys with colic may have subtle clinical signs of pain that delay detection, so a methodical clinical examination is needed to make a diagnosis. Using donkey-specific pain scoring can be helpful in...
Management of hepatopathy in horses
The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism, detoxification and nutrient storage. The liver's response to insult is often non-specific, with inflammation and subsequent fibrosis being the key patholo...
Madigan's squeeze technique: a review for equine veterinary nurses
Foals that are affected with neonatal maladjustment syndrome make up 3–5% of the foaling population. A very rapid, assisted vaginal birth or delivery via caesarean section are risk factors for neonata...
What to do and when: management of equine twin pregnancies
The use of ultrasound to diagnose pregnancy early in the mare, has aided veterinarians' ability to identify twins before fixation, allowing manual reduction to be performed with the highest success ra...
Bovine neonatal enteric immunity: a key consideration in the prevention of calf diarrhoea
The mucosa is the largest component of the immune system, providing a first line of defence against most pathogens encountered. Although the mucosa is located in all areas where there are mucosal surf...
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome and the challenges facing clinicians
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is the most common disease of the equine stomach. This article gives an overview of the syndrome and reviews the available literature to answer questions clinicians face ...
Primary hypoaldosteronism in a dog with concurrent suspected chronic hepatitis
A 3-year-old female spayed English Cocker Spaniel presented with a 2-month history of lethargy. The owner reported a single tonic-clonic seizure 7 months before presentation and intermittent mild gast...
Incidental osteoarthritis: risk factors, prevalence and clinical evidence in rabbits
The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and level of clinically apparent disease associated with appendicular osteoarthritis in a population of ra...