Fleas (Insecta, Siphonaptera) are a complex insect species and cause pets and their owners a lot of concern worldwide. Besides being clinically important, the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, is responsible for the production of flea allergic dermatitis (FAD), acts as the vector of many bacterial pathogens, and serves as the intermediate host for cestode and filarid parasites. Despite an arsenal of ef- fective products, failures in flea control programmes are commonplace due to poor compliance, inappropriate drug use and unrealistic client expectations. It is vital for veterinary professionals to give good advice, consider compliance and manage expectations if flea control programmes are to be successful. This article discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of flea infestations.

Ian Wright - Co-owner of the Mount Veterinary Practice, Independent Parasitologist and Head of ESCCAP UK & Ireland, 1 Harris St, Fleetwood FY7 6QX