Lead has no biological role but is ubiquitous in the environment. The incidence of lead poisoning in both humans and animals has declined in the past few decades; however, there are still potential sources in and around the home, including lead paint and lead-containing materials such as curtain weights and lead flashing. Signs of lead poisoning mainly involve the gastrointestinal and neurological systems, and a typical presentation is several days’ history of gastrointestinal signs (anorexia, vomiting) followed by neurological signs such as seizures. Behavioural changes may also be reported. Diagnosis of lead poisoning can be difficult, since a blood lead concentration is not immediately available and does not correlate well with severity of poisoning. Diagnosis is therefore usually based on clinical signs, laboratory findings and client history. Treatment is aimed at identifying the source of poisoning, reducing/eliminating exposure, management of signs, and potential use of a lead chelating agent. Prognosis is good with treatment, but more guarded in animals with severe neurological signs.

Nicola Bates - Senior Information Scientist, Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS), 2nd Floor, Godfree Court, 29-35 Long Lane, London SE1 4PL