Anaesthesia for caesarean section is a challenge in practice, and care is necessary to minimise the risks associated with the procedure. By discussing areas where evidence exists, and the physiology of both the bitch and puppies, common complications (and how to avoid them) are explored. In addition, the article outlines the author's approach to these cases.

Ian Self - Clinical Associate Professor in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD